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Savoir de quelle note on parle

(only in French)

Can pitch be defined clearly without a shared reference? Ischer exposes confusion (octaves, partials/harmonics) and calls for an acoustic basis.

The problem brought up by Robert Ischer is of a terminological nature, inherent only to the French language. We therefore do not bring the English version.

Brass Bulletin a souligné dans son no 10 le clivage qui sépare les physiciens, les facteurs et les musiciens. Un fait est remarquable parmi les facteurs de différents instruments (orgue, piano, cordes, vents) : chacun utilise une numérotation des octaves qui lui est propre. On n’est même pas d’accord sur la valeur à donner au la du diapason. Compte-t-il 880 vibrations simples ou 440 vibrations doubles, est-ce un la de 8 pieds, un la2, 3, 4, 5, ou doit-on le différencier de ses frères par l'utilisation de lettres majuscules et minuscules accompagnées des signes ’, ”, ”’ comme en allemand ?

Mes différentes formations de réparateur d’instruments à vent et de musicien intéressé par les explications scientifiques des phénomènes musicaux m’ont poussé depuis de nombreuses années à approfondir chacune de ces branches et à n’utiliser que des données claires et précises, susceptibles d’être comprises tant par le physicien que par le facteur ou le musicien.

Il est aberrant de constater qu’aujourd’hui on parle encore de vibrations simples et que chaque métier se base, qui sur l’étendue du clavier (différente d’une famille à l’autre), qui sur une numérotation choisie arbitrairement et chaque fois différente, pour préciser l’octave. Les physiciens qui tiennent compte du phénomène musical dans son ensemble utilisent les fréquences hertziennes et numérotent les octaves de manière à n’avoir pas continuellement à faire des comparaisons entre les différents systèmes. L’indication de fréquence en Hertz (Hz) a de plus l’avantage d’être la base de référence immuable des calculs d’acoustique utilisable par tous, le son n’étant malgré tout qu’un phénomène physique. Quant à la numérotation des octaves il est souhaitable qu’elle soit une fois pour toute acceptée par les facteurs et musiciens francophones selon l’échelle des physiciens :

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Brass Bulletin 12, III / 1975 pages 46–47

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